KEY OUTCOMES
A.Paris Peace Conference
Did not address areas of the dispute
House of Commons called it weak
Criticised the government
Russia got all territory back
Black sea neutralised
Guarantees over Turkish sovereignty
Sultan improved conditions for Christians
Russia did not attack Turkey for 20 years
B.Nursing Profession
Work of Nightingale supported by reporting of Russell led to awareness
Nightingale Fund
Subscriptions led by Sidney Herbert (Sec of War)
Money flooded in
Enough for permanent training school for nurses
Nightingale reluctant
C.McNeill-Tulloch Report
Feb 1855 McNeill and Tulloch went to Crimea to investigate reports on supply problems
Report looked at how supplies obtained and sent - made public
Report on delays by army - only given to Parliament
Reports April 1856 - showed military negligence which would help Parliament to increase control over army - away from Generals and monarchy
D.Cardwell Army Reforms 1870-71
Introduced by Edward Cardwell - Sec for War
Series of Acts
-War Office
-Regional districts
-Each district - one battalion over seas/one battalion at home/ one battalion of militia
Overseas service cut from 12 to 6 years
Commissions abolished - promotion based on merit
Commander and chief reported to Sec of War - therefore answerable to Parliament
Flogging in peacetime forbidden
Reserves paid but had to do training
IMPORTANT - Attacked by military/aristocracy - controversial
Resistance to change e.g. only introduced breech loading rifles not for artillery
Still only had small reserve army 35,000 compared to Prussia 1million
E.Civil Service Entry
Robert Lowe
Exam entry extended to FO and HO
Resulted in being dominated by graduates from Oxford and Cambridge
Progression difficult
Upper class dominated
F.Seacole Forgotten
See Nightingale and Seacole Section
G.Victoria Cross
Sparked by reporting of heroism by people like Russell
Officers feared it would encourage individual acts of courage
Medal supported by Victoria and Albert
Highest award today
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